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Lokesh Deb , S.K. Dubey , Avijeet Jain , Amit Kumar Jain , G. S. Pandian

Abstract

In this study, 95% ethanolic extract of Thuja occidentalis Linn (TOE) was evaluated for its anti-ulcer potential by using hard liquor (42.8 % v/v ethanol, 1 ml/150 g body weight) and aspirin (200 mg/kg) induced gastric ulcer models on rats, where oral administration of 200 and 400 mg/kg of TOE showed significant (p<0.001) ulcer protective effect on both the models in a dose dependent fashion. The TOE was also evaluated for its in-vitro free-radical scavenging activity and anti-inflammatory activity. The studies showed significant (p<0.001) free radical scavenging activity of TOE, when compare to control, whereas TOE failed to exhibits any significant (ns p>0.05) anti-inflammatory activity on Carrageenan - induced paw oedema and Cotton pellet granuloma models. Since the extract fail to show significant anti-inflammatory activity, the inhibitory role on prostaglandin synthesis and over production of leukotriene may be ruled out, so we can suggest that gastro-protective activity against aspirin induced ulcer by inhibiting the back diffusion of H⁺ ions. However, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis. On the basis of these investigations, we may partially conclude that ulcer-protection may be due to free radical scavenging activity of TOE and TOE could be a potent antiulcer agent for next generation.

Keywords

Thuja Occidentalis, Anti Ulcer, Thujone, Anti Oxidant, Anti-inflammatory

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Y. S. Tanwar , Amit Kumar Jain

Abstract

The present research has been undertaken with the aim to develop a topical gel formulation of Diclofenac sodium using different gelling agent carbopol, Na CMC, HPMC (K4M) and sodium alginate in different concentration, which would attenuate the gastrointestinal relater toxicities associated with oral administration. They were evaluated for physicochemical properties such as homogeneity, grittiness, viscosity, pH, Spreadability, drug content, skin irritancy , in vitro drug release, stability studies. The in vitro drug release rate of gel was evaluated using Franz diffusion cell containing cellophane membrane with phosphate buffer pH 6.8 as the recept or medium. Studies showed that drug release was decrease with increase in gelling agent concentration because polymer concentration increases, viscosity increases. Drug was absorbed from site of application as long as it remains in higher concentration gelling agent in solution form.

Keywords

Diclofenac Sodium, Carbopol, Hydroxyl Propyl Methyl Cellulose, Sodium Alginate Anti - Inflammatory Activity.

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Amit Kumar Jain ¹, Aashish Khaira ¹, Amit Suhane ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, M.A.N.I.T., Bhopal, IN

Abstract

This paper illustrates how an effective implementation of NDT (Non Destructive testing) could influence the productivity and profitability of a manufacturing process. It was possible to show how changes in the productivity affect profit, separately from the effects of changes in the uncontrollable factors, i.e. price recovery. NDT is not a cost centre, but a profit generating function. Markets are affected by diverse customer needs, which demand higher quality, shorter delivery time, higher customer service level and lower prices. At the same time, product life cycles are becoming shorter and shorter. Success in any competitive context depends on having either a cost advantage or a value advantage, or, ideally, both. So involvement of new and effective technology in companies working is required, NDT is one of them.

Keywords

Non Destructive Testing, Maintenance, Non Destructive Techniques, Cost Effective Maintenance, Efficiency, Effectiveness, Productivity, Profitability.

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Amit Kumar Jain ¹, Usha ¹, Bhalendra Singh Rajput ¹

Affiliations
1 Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Computer technology in agriculture field : Agriculture is a most common occupation in India. More than 50 per cent people lived in villages and the most of the family depends on the agriculture. Indian GDP also depend on agriculture so as agriculture will grow as well as Indian GDP also grow. Todays are computer world as well as day passes new technology also introduce. So use of computer technologies in Agriculture are most important for the farmers. Many of the agriculture equipment's, machines and farmers tools fully programmed by the Computer PCBs.

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Darshna B. Prajapati ¹, Dharti B. Kapadiya ¹, Amit Kumar Jain ¹, Bhavbhuti M. Mehta ¹, Vijaykumar B. Darji ², Kishorkumar D. Aparnathi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Dairy Chemistry, SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Statistics, BA College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Aim: The study was undertaken to find out the physicochemical characteristics, selected processing-related parameters and activity of selected enzymes in Surti goat milk.
Materials and Methods: Milk samples from Surti goats and buffalo milk samples were collected during the period from July 2013 to January 2014 at Reproductive Biology Research Unit, Anand Agricultural University (AAU), Anand. Milk samples from Kankrej cows were collected from Livestock Research Station, AAU, Anand. Samples were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics such as acidity, viscosity, surface tension, specific gravity, refractive index, freezing point, and electrical conductivity. Samples were also analyzed for selected processing-related parameters such as heat coagulation time (HCT), rennet coagulation time (RCT), rate of acid production by starter culture, alcohol stability, and activity of selected enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase activity, catalase activity, proteolytic activity, and lipase activity.
Results: Goat milk had the highest acidity, viscosity and surface tension, followed by cow milk and buffalo milk. However, the differences in acidity, specific gravity, surface tension, refractive index, electrical conductivity, HCT and lipase activity of three types of milk studied, viz., goat, cow, and buffalo milk were found statistically non-significant (p<0.05). The buffalo milk had the highest specific gravity, followed by those found in cow and goat milk. The viscosity, freezing point and RCT of goat milk was significantly lower (p>0.05) than that of the buffalo milk. However, the difference in viscosity, freezing point and RCT of goat milk and that of the cow milk was statistically non-significant. The cow milk had the highest refractive index, followed by goat and buffalo milk. The cow milk had the highest proteolytic activity and heat coagulation time (HCT), followed by those found in buffalo and goat milk. The goat milk had the lowest freezing point, lipase activity, and RCT, followed by those found in cow and buffalo milk. The goat milk had the highest electrical conductivity, followed by those found in buffalo and cow milk. The collected goat, cow and buffalo milk samples showed negative stability at 68% (v/v) alcohol concentration. Goat milk showed positive alcohol test at 75% (v/v) alcohol concentration. Acidity was found to increase proportionally with time. After 14 h, it was found that goat milk became thicker, but the curd had a very low consistency. Cow milk had the highest alkaline phosphatase activity and catalase activity followed by those found in goat milk and lowest alkaline phosphatase activity and catalase activity was found in buffalo milk. The alkaline phosphatase activity and proteolytic activity of goat milk was significantly lower (p>0.05) than that of the cow milk. However, the difference in alkaline phosphatase activity and proteolytic activity of goat milk and that of the buffalo milk was statistically non-significant. Alkaline phosphatase activity of buffalo milk was significantly lower (p>0.05) than that of the alkaline phosphatase activity in cow milk.
Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that the goat milk has highest acidity, viscosity, electrical conductivity, and surface tension compared to that of cow and buffalo milk. The goat milk has lowest specific gravity, freezing point, proteolytic activity, lipase activity, RCT and HCT compared to cow and buffalo milk. Goat milk had highest refractive index compared to buffalo milk, whereas lowest refractive index compared to cow milk. Goat milk showed positive alcohol test at 75% (v/v) alcohol concentration. The curd formed from goat milk after 14 h was having very weak consistency. The goat milk has higher alkaline phosphatase activity, catalase activity compared to buffalo milk while it has lower alkaline phosphatase activity, catalase activity compared to cow milk.

Keywords

Heat Coagulation Time, Lipase Activity, Physicochemical Characteristics, Proteolytic Activity, Rennet Coagulation Time.

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